Crystallization of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients : Practical Approaches, Advances, and Trends

Navigate evolving API crystallization challenges driven by changing molecular properties The continuous drive to develop drugs with improved efficacy and safety had resulted in changes in molecular descriptors of drug candidates in the last two decades. An increasing number of drug candidates with higher molecular weight, increased lipophilicity, greater restricted flexibility, are transitioning from drug discovery to drug development. This shift in molecular descriptor has been correlated with declining solubility and crystallization tendency. Crystallization of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients: Practical Approaches, Advances, and Trends addresses these emerging difficulties, providing strategies that align crystallization objectives with evolving drug development phases while targeting growing ambitious sustainability objectives, and managing drug attrition risks and development costs. The book examines evolving complex polymorphic landscape assessment and solid form selection, growing occurrence of oiling out and gelation phenomena, declining solubility-related obstacles, purification by solution crystallization, and reviews emerging particle formation technologies including crystallization of large biomolecules. Coverage extends to process sustainability goals targeting waste and carbon footprint reduction, digital transformation through modeling and simulation, and strategic resourcing through alliances and partnerships. Key topics also include: Crystallization process design, scale-up, and scale-down methodologies applicable across pharmaceutical, fine chemical, and energy storage operations How increasing process sustainability requirements create additional constraints on crystallization development workflows and solvent selection decisions Evolution of crystallization deliverables across drug development phases to balance quality attributes against attrition risk and cost Strategic business considerations such as externalization, in-licensing, and partners